Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is regulated by various host cell factors that combine to influence viral transcription and latency. To understand the complex relationship between the host cell and HIV-1 latency, Edward Browne, PhD, Nancie M. Archin, PhD, and David Margolis, MD, performed a lentiviral CRISPR screen that targeted a set of host cell genes whose expression or activity correlates with HIV-1 expression. The transcription factor ETS1 was further investigated and found to be required for maintenance of HIV-1 latency in both latently infected cell lines and in a primary CD4 T cell latency model.